There has been a lot of content surrounding ZIO at the moment and for good reason, it is a useful data type that allows you to solve complex problems with simple type-safe code. To find out more about Ray Tracing using ZIO, watch Pierangelo Cecchetto's talk at Functional Scala. He promotes this way of ray tracing because you do not require HKT or typeclasses and it will help you to group capabilities.
This talk was given by Pierangelo Cecchetto at Functional Scala.